During times of crisis, young people need to be given information and reassurance that they are safe. They should be encouraged to discuss their feelings and reactions in ways that are developmentally appropriate.
Many groups are concerned about youth in crisis, such as the National Safe Place Network which works at a local, state and national level to ensure an effective system of response. But a review of these groups found that few are particularly concerned about fostering youth voice or youth empowerment.
1. Suicide
Suicide and suicide-related behaviors such as self-injury are the leading mental health conditions that adolescents are treated for in children’s hospitals emergency departments. Similar to how medical professionals have gotten better at preventing heart disease by identifying and treating high blood pressure, cholesterol and blocked arteries early on, youth in crisis can receive treatment for their suicidal thoughts and behavior before the situation reaches a crisis state.
Research from the 2021 YRBS indicates that more than one third of adolescents reported poor mental health most or all of the time, and one in five seriously considered suicide over the past year. Gender differences are evident with girls reporting higher rates of mental health and suicide risk indicators than boys. A strong family support system has been shown to increase resilience and mental health.
2. Abuse
Violence, whether physical, emotional or sexual is a global crisis that is happening in our homes, schools and communities. It causes injuries, sexually transmitted infections, and can lead to mental health issues, aggression, substance abuse and death – especially when repeated.
Physical abuse can include corporal punishment, which may leave visible marks, as well as bullying and sex-based harassment. Emotional abuse can include denigration, ridicule, threats and discrimination, which also may leave lasting negative effects. And sex-based abuse is a risk that can occur online and be very difficult to detect. Mental health issues are also a concern for many youth – especially young women, Hispanic students and those who identify as LGBTQ+. A 2024 study found that one in six adolescents reported persistent feelings of sadness or hopelessness.
3. Homelessness
Children and youth who live homeless or are at risk for homelessness have poor school performance and health outcomes. They are more likely to miss school and have difficulty completing homework assignments, and their reading and math scores tend to be below grade level. Homeless children are also at high risk for school dropout and are less likely to receive a special education evaluation.
Runaway and homeless youth are at increased risk of drug use, violence, and incarceration. These young people are also more vulnerable to sexual exploitation and trafficking.
Stable housing is the key to positive health and well-being for all families, including youth. Policies that help households with income support access affordable permanent housing can prevent homelessness among low-income families and youth.
4. Drugs
Teens may be tempted to use drugs as a way to express themselves creatively, blend in socially, alleviate feelings of sadness or hopelessness, or cope with stress. Experimenting with alcohol and other drugs can become a habit that increases over time and may eventually lead to substance use disorder.
Psychologists are working to develop and test interventions that support young people to stop using substances before they can develop into an addiction. They are also designing activities that help teens learn about the risks of using drugs, so they can make informed choices.
Many teenagers get their information about drugs from their friends, and those peers often don’t talk about the dangers of drug use. This sends the message that it’s “normal” to drink and use drugs.
5. Mental Health
Adolescence is a time of many physical, emotional and social changes. This period is a critical time for the development of mental health. Youth with good mental health can manage their emotions, build relationships and coping skills, and function well at home, school, and work.
Unfortunately, mental illness among young people is on the rise. Recent studies indicate that this trend is not due to increased awareness or diagnosis but a real public health crisis.
One way to help reduce these trends is for adults to check in with teens regularly about their mental health. Teens may feel stigma around seeking mental health support, and fear being judged or not taken seriously. Asking open-ended questions, like “How are you feeling, really?” can help create space for teens to share.